Archive for the ‘Special Economic Zones’ Category

Cell Phones and Internet Cannot be Used at the Kaesung Industrial Complex

Sunday, August 5th, 2007

Daily NK
Han Hee Yoen
8/5/2007

With the lack of construction of the infrastructure which supports cell phones and internet usage inside the Kaesung Industrial Complex, business management is increasingly becoming difficult.

At the “Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation and US-Korea FTA” conference held at the National Library on the 2nd by the Civil-Headquarters for Activating the South-North Economic Cooperation in Korea and 21st Century North-East Asia Peace Forum, Lee Im Dong, the secretary general of the Kaesung Industrial Complex Committee of Enterprises exposed difficulty, “The Kaesung Complex is facing a lot of hardship due to insufficiency of infrastructure needed for business and political influences at home and abroad.”

Lee revealed, “There are a lot of problems, such as the transportation and customs process, communications issue, labor power, absence of employment flexibility, and effectiveness. These problems should definitely be resolved, but these are impossible problems for the individual enterprises, so the government has to step forward.”

He said, “Cell phones and internet cannot be used inside the Kaesung Complex, so it takes significant amount of time and effort because the products that the buyers want can only be understood over fax and phone.”

Kim Joong Tae, the team manager of the Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation Team under the Ministry of Unification, revealed, “We are improving domestic laws, strengthening communication with enterprises, realizing transportation of joint economic commodities by pursuing formal rail operations, and expanding systematical apparatus at the level of the state.”

Kim also explained, “As for private investment into North Korea, the government and conservative media have upheld an emphasis of self-responsibility of businesses based strictly on market economic principles. The critical point in the government’s aid policy is the agreement issue with principles of the market economy, constraints in financial resources, or North Korea’s lack of understanding of the market economy.”

On one hand, Professor Kwon Young Kyung from the Education Center for Unification said, “Various efforts from the Kaesung Complex (stated during the FTA) is needed to satisfy the standard of establishment of the Committee on Outward Processing Zones on the Korean Peninsula. Most of all, the roadmap for resolving the North Korean nuclear issue, according to the February 13 Agreement, needs to progress smoothly, so that the denuclearization of the peninsula can actively take place.”

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Hyundai Asan to spend $3 billion for new N.K. tour project

Friday, August 3rd, 2007

Korea Herald
Kim Yoon Mi
8.3.2007

Hyundai Asan, the South Korean operator of tour programs to North Korea, said yesterday it plans to spend $3 billion by 2025 to develop an area on the North’s east coast as a new tourist destination.

“We have submitted the final plan to the North in late June. The plan will be reviewed by the North by September,” Yoon Man-joon, Hyundai Asan’s chief executive officer, said at a press meeting in Seoul.

According to the company’s plan, Hyundai Asan will develop the area from Haegeumgang near Mount Geumgang to Wonsan, an eastern port city in the North.

As Hyundai’s relationship with North Korea has recently shown signs of recovery, Hyundai chairwoman Hyun Jeong-eun, widow of the late Chung Mong-hun, will visit Pyongyang as early as late August, Yoon said.

“I’m not sure whether she will be able to meet Kim Jong-il but I’m sure she will visit Pyongyang.”

Hyun will meet North Korean senior officials to discuss new inter-Korean commerce and the tour business to Gaeseong, Yoon said.

Meanwhile, the CEO hinted at legal action against former Hyundai vice chairman Kim Yoon-kyu. Yoon pointed to the possibility of Kim using confidential corporate information acquired by Hyundai to further the latter’s own inter-Korean trade corporation.

Kim, who was a key player in Hyundai’s inter-Korean business promoted by the late Hyundai Group founder Chung Ju-yung and his late son Mong-hun, was fired by the Hyundai Group in October 2005 for allegedly illegal use of corporate funds.

Recently, Kim has started his own business dealing with North Korea through his company, Acheon Global Corp., and announced last month that the company will trade agricultural and processed food products with the communist country.

“When I look into what businesses he is doing, I can say that he is doing exactly the same thing while he was working for Hyundai. Legal experts tell me that it could be a violation of confidential corporate information,” Yoon said.

Asked if he was willing to take legal action, Yoon did not directly reply but said he does not think Kim’s business is legitimate.

“I am closely watching over (what activities he is making). I hope he doesn’t do such business anymore,” Yoon said.

Hyundai to Spend $3 Bil.on NK Tourism Project
Korea Times

8/2/2007

A South Korean company operating businesses in North Korea said Thursday it plans to spend $3 billion by 2025 to develop an area on the North’s east coast as a new tourist destination.

Yoon Man-joon, chief executive officer of Hyundai Asan, the North Korean business arm of Hyundai Group, said the company submitted the proposal to the North’s authorities in June and that North Korea is expected to make a final decision as early as next month.

The new project calls for Hyundai Asan to develop the costal area from the North’s eastern port city of Wonsan to Haegeumgang near Mt. Geumgang, where the South Korean company built a mountain resort in 1998.

If North Korea approves the proposal, it would be Hyundai Asan’s third major economic project in the North, following the mountain resort and an industrial complex in the city of Kaesong near the inter-Korean border.

Hyundai Group Chairwoman Hyun Jeong-eun, who met North Korean leader Kim Jong-il two years ago, is preparing to visit the North as early as late this month to discuss the group’s North Korean businesses, including the new project, Yoon said.

“Hyun’s visit to Pyongyang is already confirmed,” Yoon told reporters.

It was uncertain whether Hyun will be allowed to meet the North Korean leader during the planned visit, Yoon said.

North Korea’s environmental experts are reviewing the new development proposal by Hyundai Asan, the executive said.

Mount Geumgang, located just north of the border between the two Koreas near the east coast, has attracted more than 1.5 million visitors since 1998, Yoon said.

In the first seven months of this year, some 150,000, mostly South Korean guests, visited the scenic mountain.

Yoon said the company will make efforts to meet this year’s target of 400,000 visitors as the North recently opened an inner side of the mountain.

The North’s approval to open a wider part of Mount Geumgang and its surrounding area to tourists “indicated a normalization in relations between Hyundai and North Korea,” Yoon said.

Hyundai’s business with North Korea was started by its late founder, Chung Ju-yung, in the early 1990s.

Hyun took the helm of Hyundai in 2003 after her husband, Chung Mong-hun, the late founder’s son, committed suicide by jumping from the window of his high-rise office in Seoul, apparently under pressure from a lobbying scandal involving the North Korean mountain project.

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N. Korean workers in Gaeseong complex to receive 5 percent pay raise

Friday, August 3rd, 2007

Korea Herald
5/3/2007

South and North Korea on Friday agreed on a 5 percent pay raise for North Korean workers employed by South Korean companies in an industrial complex just north of the border, officials were quoted as saying by Yonhap News Agency.

Last month, the North notified South Korea that North Korean workers will refuse to work extra hours or on weekends and holidays starting from August unless they get a 15 percent raise in their basic wages.

In a new deal, North Korean workers working in the Gaeseong industrial complex are to earn about $60.375 in basic pay, including insurance, which accounts for 5 percent of the total.

This is the first time that North Korean workers have received a pay raise since the complex began operations in late 2004, in spite of such demands being made several times.

N. Korean workers in Kaesong complex to receive 5 percent pay raise
Yonhap
8/3/2007

South and North Korea on Friday agreed on a 5 percent pay raise for North Korean workers employed by South Korean companies in an industrial complex just north of the border, officials said.

Last month, the North notified South Korea that North Korean workers will refuse to work extra hours or on weekends and holidays starting from August unless they get a 15 percent raise in their basic wages.

In a new deal, North Korean workers working in the Kaesong industrial complex are to earn about US$60.375 in basic pay, including insurance, which accounts for 5 percent of the total.

This is the first time that North Korean workers have received a pay raise since the complex began operations in late 2004, in spite of such demands being made several times.

Currently, 26 South Korean companies employ about 15,000 North Korean workers in Kaesong, including construction and office workers, at the site developed on a trial basis.

The number of North Korean workers is expected to increase to more than 350,000 when the complex becomes fully operational by 2012. Monthly production in the complex exceeds $10 million.

The industrial complex, the crowning achievement of a landmark summit between the leaders of the two Koreas in 2000, is one of the two major cross-border projects that South Korea has kept afloat in spite of United Nations sanctions on the the North following its nuclear weapon test in October. The two Koreas also run a joint tourism project at the North’s scenic Mount Geumgang.

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Tours of Kaesong on the table as South goes North

Friday, August 3rd, 2007

Joong Ang Daily
Seo Ji-eun
8/3/2007

Hyundai Group Chairwoman Hyun Jeong-eun, who has been spearheading inter-Korean commerce, will visit Pyongyang for business talks with high-ranking North Korean officials. The visit, scheduled for as early as late this month, comes two years after she met with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il in Pyongyang.

Yoon Man-joon, president and chief executive of Hyundai Asan, which owns exclusive rights to inter-Korean investment, said in a press conference yesterday, “Chairwoman Hyun will be talking about pending business deals, including launching tourism in the Kaesong Industrial Complex.”

Yoon said the company submitted a proposal to the North two months ago for further development of Mount Kumgang, as the relationship between the two is now in “pretty good shape, although there have been misunderstandings and difficulties.”

Hyundai Asan’s inter-Korean business was previously led by former Vice Chairman Kim Yoon-kyu, who had the trust of late Hyundai Group founder Chung Ju-yung and his late son Mong-hun, the former president of Hyundai Asan. Chung Mong-hun, Hyun’s late husband, committed suicide in 2003 amid a prosecution investigation into the company’s secret transfer of money to the North. Hyun took the helm from her deceased husband. Kim was forced to step down in late 2005 over allegations of diverting corporate funds. North Korea, which had built strong ties with Kim, threatened to sever business with the firm in protest.

According to Yoon, Hyundai Asan plans to spend $3 billion to develop land between the Hageum River and the city of Weonsan, and North Korea is expected to respond to the proposal in late September. He added that the recent launch of tours of the inner part of the Mount Kumgang resort area has been positively received, and will help the company meet its annual goal of 400,000 visitors this year.

Hyundai Asan and North Korea are also in talks regarding opening up Birobong, the highest peak on the mountain, to South Korean tourists, Yoon said.

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Kaesung Industrial Complex Workers Refuse Overtime or Special Work?

Friday, August 3rd, 2007

Daily NK
Kim Yong Hun
8/3/2007

As August 1st was the deadline that North Korea placed for a 15% increase in the wages of the Kaesung Industrial Complex laborers, companies have raised their guards on the changes of this situation.

North Korea had claimed before that if South Korean companies wouldn’t raise the wages by 15%, it would refuse to work overtime or work on special duties. If North Korea carries out such policies, it is predicted that there will be a setback for companies entering the Kaesung Industrial Complex.

The labor regulations that North Korea and South Korea agreed on limit the range of annual wage increase to 5%. If wages are raised to North Korea’s requests, minimum wage will increase from $57.50 to $66.00 and overtime (4 hours X 26 days) and special work (4 times a month) will near $118 per month.

Companies have decided to negotiate with the North by preparing a guideline through which they could compromise between both sides.

Kim Kyu Chul, Representative of the Forum for Inter-Korea Relations, a citizens group for economic cooperation between South and North Korea expressed his concern stating, “An overwhelming wage increase will be a great burden to companies and thus it is inevitable to control the amount of output and there is a good possibility that start-up companies will put their businesses on hold or give up.”

According to the Forum, the productivity of the Kaesung Industrial Complex remains at a mere 50% that is less than factories of China or Southeast Asia. The assertion is that the payability will worsen if wages are drastically increased with conditions of low productivity.

On the other hand, North Korea also requested the construction of a child care facility along with the wage increase and thus the Kaesung Industrial Complex Committee of Enterprises (Chairman Kim Ki Moon, Central Chairman of SME’s) opened a temporary hearing on July 26th and decided to implement a policy of an 8-month unpaid child care leave instead of a child care service.

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IFES Monthly report

Wednesday, August 1st, 2007

Institute for Far Eastern Studies (IFES)
8/1/2007

INTER-KOREAN RELATIONS

Following two days of talks between economic representatives of the two Koreas at the Kaesong Industrial Complex, South Korea announced on July 7 that it would begin shipping raw materials to the North in exchange for DPRK natural resources. South Korea shipped 800,000 USD of polyester fabric on July 25, and is set to send the rest of the materials by the end of November. North Korea accepted South Korean prices for the goods, and will pay transportation, cargo working, and demurrage costs, as well. South Korea will pay for shipping, insurance, and the use of port facilities. On 28 July, a South Korean delegation left for the North in order to conduct on-site surveys of three zinc and magnesite mines. The team will spend two weeks in North Korea.

It was reported on 17 July that North Korea proposed a joint fishing zone north of the ‘Northern Limit Line’ dividing North and South territorial waters to the west of the peninsula. Seoul turned down the offer.

Inter-Korean military talks broke down early on 26 July after only three days of negotiations as North Korea insisted on the redrawing of the Northern Limit Line.

North Korea demanded on 27 July that workers in the Kaesong Industrial Complex be given a 15 percent pay raise. The North Korean workers will not work overtime, weekends or holidays beginning in August unless the raise is granted.

It was reported by the Korea International Trade Association on 26 July that inter-Korean trade was up 28.6 percent in the first six months of 2007, totaling 720 million USD.

RUSSIA-DPRK INVESTMENT

It was reported on 19 July that Russia and North Korea have agreed to connect Khasan and Najin by rail, enlisting investment from Russian oil companies interested in an inactive refinery at Najin Port capable of processing up to 120,000 barrels per day. The project is estimated to cost over two billion USD.

MONGOLIA-DPRK RELATIONS

During a four-day visit to Mongolia by Kim Yong-nam beginning on 20 July, the two countries signed protocols on cooperation on health and science, trade and sea transport, and labor exchange issues. This follows on the heals of an agreement to allow South Korean trains to travel through North Korean territory on to Mongolia in route to Russia and Europe.

JAPAN-DPRK PROPAGANDA

Japan took one step further to recover abductees in North Korea this month when the government began broadcasting propaganda into the DPRK intended for Japanese citizens. The broadcasts are made in Korean and Japanese (30 minutes each) daily, and updated once per week.

U.S.-DPRK PEACE PROSPECTS

U.S. Ambassador to the ROK Alexander Vershbow stated that Washington was prepared to negotiate a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula by the end of the year if North Korea were to completely abandon its nuclear ambitions.

 

EGYPT-DPRK INVESTMENT

The Egyptian company Orascom Construction Industries announced a 115 million USD deal with North Korea’s state-owned Pyongyang Myongdang Trading Corporation to purchase a 50 percent state in Sangwon Cement. To put this in perspective, the deal in worth more than four times the amount of frozen DPRK funds that had caused six-party talks to break down and delayed the implementation of the February 13 agreement.

NORTH KOREAN SOCIETY

The Economist reported on 7 July that, according to foreigners living in the North’s capital, concern for petty law appears to be weakening. Citizens are reportedly smoking in smoke-free zones, sitting on escalator rails, and even blocking traffic by selling wares on the streets.

It was reported on July 11 that a letter sent earlier in the year by the North Korean Red Cross indicated severe shortages of medical supplies. The letter stated that North Korea would accept any medicine, even if it was past expiration, and accept all consequences for any problems that arose from using outdated supplies. The (South) Korea Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association had no choice but to reject the request.

Events were held on July 11 in North Korea in order to promote women’s health and well-being issues. Marking World Population Day, a North Korean official stated that the DPRK has cooperated with the UN Population Fund since 1986, and is now in the fourth phase of cooperation.

Seeing entertainment venues as a “threat to society”, North Korean security forces have been implementing a shutdown of karaoke bars and Internet cafes. These venues mainly cater to traders in the northern regions of the country.

It was reported on July 13 that construction of North Korea’s first all-English language university was nearing completion. The Pyongyang University of Science and Technology, funded largely by ROK and U.S. Christian evangelical groups, will hold 2600 students and offer undergraduate and post-graduate degrees in business administration, information technology, and agriculture.

Local elections were held on 29 July for DPRK provincial, city, and country People’s Assemblies. 100 percent of 27,390 candidates were approved with a 99.82 percent turnout reported.

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Kim Jong Il’s Yacht, UNESCO, Golf, and the Taean Glass Factory

Tuesday, July 31st, 2007

Now available on Google Earth! 
(click above to download to your own Google Earth)

North Korea Uncovered v.3

Google Earth added a high-resolution overlay of the area between Pyongyang and Nampo.  In it, most of the Koguryo tombs listed with UNESCO are now distinguishable.  In addition, viewers can see the latest Kim Jong Il palace (including a yacht), the DPRK’s premier golf course, and the Chinese-built Taean Glass factory.  I have also made some progress in mapping out the DPRK electricity grid.

This is the most authoritative map of North Korea that exists publicly today.  Agriculture, aviation, cultural institutions, manufacturing, railroad, energy, politics, sports, military, religion, leisure, national parks…they are all here, and will captivate anyone interested in North Korea for hours.

Naturally, I cannot vouch for the authenticity of many locations since I have not seen or been to them, but great efforts have been made to check for authenticity. In many cases, I have posted sources, though not for all. This is a thorough compilation of lots of material, but I will leave it up to the reader to make up their own minds on the more “controversial” locations. In time, I hope to expand this further by adding canal and road networks.

I hope this post will launch a new interest in North Korea. There is still plenty more to learn, and I look forward to hearing about improvements that can be made.

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N.K. demands pay raise for workers in inter-Korean industrial complex

Friday, July 27th, 2007

Yonhap
7/27/2007

North Korea has demanded a 15 percent pay raise for its workers from South Korean companies at an inter-Korean industrial complex just north of the border, sources said Friday.

In a bid to press for their demand, the North notified South Korea that North Korean workers will refuse to work extra hours or on weekends and holidays starting from August, they said.

In the Kaesong industrial complex, North Korean workers earn about US$57 a month, including a $7 insurance payment, so their basic wages will increase to $66 if the North’s demand is accepted, according to officials.

No pay raise has been given since the complex began operations in late 2004, in spite of such demands being made several times.

“It seems like North Korea is demanding a pay increase accrued since 2004. We will decide on a pay raise at a reasonable level after consultations with the North Korean authorities,” a Unification Ministry official said.

Currently, 26 South Korean companies employ about 15,000 North Korean workers in Kaesong, including construction and office workers, at the site developed on a trial basis.

The number of North Korean workers is expected to increase to more than 350,000 when the complex becomes fully operational by 2012. Monthly production in the complex exceeds US$10 million.

“If the basic wage is increased to $66 and North Koreans work extra hours or weekends, South Korean companies will have to pay an average of $118 per month. Then the advantage of cheap labor in Kaesong will decrease,” said Kim Kyu-cheol, president of the South-North Korea Forum.

The industrial complex, the crowning achievement of a landmark summit between the leaders of the two Koreas in 2000, is one of the two major cross-border projects that South Korea has kept afloat in spite of United Nations sanctions on the the North following its nuclear weapon test in October. The two Koreas also run a joint tourism project at the North’s scenic Mount Geumgang.

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Efforts to Reunite Separated North Korean Families by Korean-Americans

Thursday, July 26th, 2007

Daily NK
Kim Chan Ku, Researcher in the Institute for Far Eastern Studies
7/26/2007

1989 July 14th. Kim Ki Dong, a manager at Rajin ship repairs and superintendent and Choi Chng Ku (affiliated with Daesung General Bureau) of Rajin’s Donghae Marine Products for Exports made a decision to reinvestigate business plans for a ship maintenance factory.

The 3.30PM train headed for Kimchaek arrives at Kimchaek station at 10.40 in North Hamkyung where an official from Kimchaek Fisheries Office came awaiting their guests. We headed for the villa.

Through these business investments, a small fraction of North Korea’s closed doors have been opened and the number of tourists continued to rise. In addition, a great number of Korean-Americans were reunited with their separated North Korean families.

In fact, most of these people had been thinking about small-scale investments with the purpose of frequently meeting their separated families. I was the only person wanting to invest in North Korea despite not having any connections.

In 1988, Koreans with American citizenship thought they were allowed to invest in North Korea different to U.S. North Korea policies. It was at this time problems began to arise.

Korean-Americans only permitted 1 visit to North Korea per year

The U.S. government had claimed North Korea as an enemy state and for this reason had placed restrictions to the number of visits to North Korea. The U.S. had drafted and was regulating a list of visitations to North Korea in which Korean-Americans took no notice of. With the sole reason that North Koreans were of the same race, people traveled unrestricted to North Korea in which the U.S. had deemed an enemy state. However, the U.S. government could not accept this.

Around this time, the number of visits had been reported to the U.S. Department of Treasury.
1) All Korean-Americans residing in the U.S. (with citizenship or permanent residency) are permitted to travel to North Korea on 1 occasion per year.
2) No more than US$100 worth of goods possessed or purchased in North Korea can be brought into the country.
3) All Korean-Americans are prohibited from investing in North Korea and are prohibited from arbitrating any businesses for other North Korea advancement.

A notice was made which specifically stated that strict penalties would be made under U.S. law against any persons who did not comply to the 3 law enforcements. However, I continued with my work.

Following consultations with company authorities, a whole day was spent drafting business plans needed to repair a Russian cargo ship. On examining the business plans, it was decided that a floating dock would be the most appropriate and cost effective operation.

A decision made to help overrun coastal facilities

평양으로 돌아온 나는 종합검토 결과 라진-선봉지역은 일제 때부터 일본군인들이 사용했던 항구이고, 또 지역적으로도 앞으로 동북아 물류 중심 항구로 손색이 없겠다는 결론을 내렸다. 또한, 북한 측의 요구를 고려해 라진-선봉 지구에 시설을 하기로 했다. 원 부자재인 플로팅 독(Floating Dock)은 내가 책임지고, 그 외의 모든 설비는 대성총국 측에서 책임지기로 합의서를 작성했다.  

On returning to Pyongyang, I made a decision on the results which indicated that the Rajin-Sunbong region had been used as a port by Japanese soldiers during Japanese occupation and that geographically, this region possessed no disadvantages in being the focal port of distributing goods in the future of North East Asia.

For 10 days, I visited many small and large ports throughout North Korea’s eastern coast and having seen the incomparably inadequate state of the ports in comparison to South Korean marine business, I made the decision to help these people and signed a contract.

On returning to Seoul, I spent a lot of time collating data that needed to be submitted by September. For 3 weeks, colleagues spent the summer working for more than 10 hours each day taking pictures and collecting information on North Korea companies and repair factories on location in Busan.

3 people, a planner, work colleague and myself, Kim Song Chan, a businessman from LA with experiences in trading with Communist countries arrived early in the morning of September 25th at North Korea’s embassy on the borderline and having received the visas arrived in Pyongyang.

In addition, a trading manager, advisor and colleague also joined us on our journey as we left on a special night train headed for Sunbong at 5PM on the 27th. The railroads were so poor that I felt as if I had bordered a boat and I couldn’t see anything as there was no light.

On the following morning, we arrived at Kimchaek city at 8AM. The purpose of this trip was to make ultimate decisions on fisherman, refrigerator and storage for the company, as well understand the present condition of catching turban shells and location for ship repairs. At the time, the Chosun Central Fisheries Committee had requested us to construct facilities at either Rajin or Wonsan port, but the Daesung General Bureau requested that the facilities be constructed at Kimchaek port as it provided all the good conditions.

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Inter-Korean Trade Jumps 28.6%

Thursday, July 26th, 2007

Korea Times
Jane Han
7/26/2007

Inter-Korean trade rose 28.6 percent in the first half of 2007 from a year earlier, the country’s leading trade agency said Thursday, attributing the boost to the Gaeseong joint industrial complex and the eased tension between Seoul and Pyongyang.

Trade amounted to $720 million during the January-June period, the Korea International Trade Association (KITA) said.

While South’s exports to the North dropped 9.4 percent to $330 million, imports from the North jumped an impressive 63.3 percent to $390 million.

The trade group credited the big import leap to the expanded number of items produced in the industrial complex located at North Korea’s western border city.

But unlike the positive performance of the two-way trade, the Mt. Geumgang tour business has dropped 7.2 percent.

South Korean companies are currently employing about 15,000 North Korean workers in the Gaeseong complex and the number is expected to rise as the facility undergoes expansion.

Symbolic of the cooperation between the Cold War rivals, the industrial park began construction in June 2003 and its operation started the following year.

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