Archive for September, 2008

Kim Jong il fails to appear at 60th anniversary celebrations

Tuesday, September 9th, 2008

UPDATE 5: Kim misses Choseuk.  From the AP:

North Korea’s ailing leader remained out of sight Monday, missing another key chance — Korea’s Thanksgiving holiday — to make a public appearance that could put to rest mounting speculation about his health.

North Korea’s main newspaper, Rodong Sinmun, said Monday Kim urged his people to work hard to reap a bountiful harvest, saying the country “should mobilize all available capability for the autumn harvest.” The remarks were published a day after Chuseok, or Thanksgiving, but the paper did not say when Kim made the remarks. (Associated Press)

UPDATE 4: Putting foreigners aside, the DPRK needs to come up with a pretty good reason to explain KJI’s absense from the celebrations for its own people.  A significant portion of Pyongyang’s population was involved in the performances and Kim’s failure to appear will likely fuel the domestic rumor mill.  Has Rodong Sinmun or any of the DPRK’s local publications given an account of his whereabouts for the home crowd?

(update 4a: the rumor mill seems to have started turning)

UPDATE 3: North Korea’s Kim is fine, his deputy says. “(There is) no problem,” North Korea’s nominal number two leader, Kim Yong-nam, told Japan’s Kyodo news agency in Pyongyang. Senior North Korean diplomat Song Il-ho told Kyodo earlier: “We see such reports as not only worthless, but rather as a conspiracy plot.” (Washington Post)

UPDATE 2: Lankov remains skeptical, and I agree:

“He is going to die sooner or later and eventually one of these reports about his health will be true, but this one is probably much ado about nothing,” said Andrei Lankov, a respected Pyongyang watcher and a professor at South Korea’s Kookmin University. He said the extreme secrecy about the North Korean regime made it unlikely that either the United States or South Korea had received reliable intelligence about Kim’s health. (LA Times)

UPDATE1: The Wall Street Journal reports that “US Officials” say Kim Jong il is believed to have suffered a stroke. 

ORIGINAL POST:  Though I personally don’t want to get caught up in endless speculation, Kim’s failure to appear at the mass rallies celebrating the DPRK’s 60th birthday is a significant signal that he is not in good health.  I saw Kim Jong il in 2005 at the mass games celebrating the 60th anniversary of the “defeat of the Japanese colonialists,” and for him not to appear at this more auspicious celebration is certainly noteworthy.  According to Reuters:

North Korea celebrated its 60th birthday with a triumphal military parade on Tuesday just as the hermit state appears to be backing away from a disarmament deal, but leader Kim Jong-il failed to appear, Kyodo news reported.

South Korea’s largest daily, the Chosun Ilbo, said Kim, 66 and suspected of suffering from chronic illness, collapsed last month, citing a South Korean diplomatic source in Beijing.

Kim’s health is one of the most closely guarded secrets in Asia’s only communist dynasty, but Kim himself, at a summit with South Korea’s president in October 2007, dismissed persistent media speculation that he was ill.

“I make a little move and that gets huge coverage,” Kim said in rare comments. “It seems like they’re fiction writers and not journalists.”

North Korean media last reported a public appearance by Kim about a month ago.

Read the full article here:
North Korea fetes 60th birthday
Reuters
Jon Herskovitz and Jack Kim
9/9/2008

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The strange saga taekwondo and politics

Monday, September 8th, 2008

When I was much younger, I began martial arts training in taekwondo (TKD) and Brazilian jiu jitsu (BJJ).  Eventually I gave up taekwondo for kickboxing, and eventually just decided to specialize in BJJ. 

Although I was part of the International Taekwondo Federation (ITF), I really had no idea about its origins, or its part in the history and development of taekwondo.  So today I was surprised to read about the history of this organization and its relationship to the DPRK and even an assassination attempt on South Korean President Chun Doo hwan!

The beginning…

The ITF was founded in 1955 by General Choi Hong-hi, who is considered by the group to be the father of TKD.  Choi moved to Canada (from South Korea) in 1972, complaining that the Park government, among other things, allegedly forbade him from teaching TDK in the DPRK.  Shortly after he left, the South Korean government formed the World Taekwondo Federation (now recognized by the IOC).   

Choi’s final years were marked by his efforts to return to North Korea. He introduced taekwondo there in 1980, and won further favour with the government by changing the name of one solo practice form from kodang (after a North Korean democratic Christian moderate, presumed slain by the Red Army in 1946) to juche (after the isolationist policy of “self-reliance” advocated by North Korean leader Kim Il-Sung). Though Choi’s intention had been reconciliatory, unfortunately South Korea saw it as treasonous. (Guardian)

General Choi died and was buried in Pyongyang in 2002.  His death gave the DPRK the opportunity to name its IOC member, Jang Ung, as ITF leader, prompting Choi’s son, Choi Jung hwa, to resign as secretary-general and move back to Canada to set up a separate governing body there.  The ITF leadership is now claimed by three groups in the DPRK, Austria, and Canada who each purport to be successors to General Choi.

Choi Jr…

It seems that Choi Jr. moved to North Korea (from Canada) in 1981 after Canadian police discovered his role in plotting the assassination of then South Korean President Chun Doo-hwan, who was scheduled to visit Canada the following year.

In 1991, however, he surrendered to Canadian authorities and was sentenced to six years in prison, but was released after one year for good behavior. (AP)

“I was unintentionally involved” in the assassination attempt case, Choi told a news conference Monday. “I think that’s because of my political naivety or spirit of adventure. I made such a mistake due to this combination of factors.” (AP)

Now Choi Jr., after 34 years, has returned to South Korea to undergo questioning about the incident. Choi Jr. maintans that North Korea infiltrated the ITF, using it as a front to send out spies and plot the killing of a South Korean president who ruled for much of the 1980s:

“After taking control of the ITF, the North trained spies and sent them overseas, disguising them as taekwondo masters,” (Reuters)

Choi Jung-hwa, however, was expected to be cleared of most of the allegations against him because he voluntarily returned and the statue of limitations on many of them have expired.(AP)

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DPRK drug smuggling well established

Saturday, September 6th, 2008

According to the Daily NK, the drug smuggling in the DPRK has matured from a small scale disorganized enterprise into a into a high-powered cartelized industry.  Whereas in the past, competition from lots of smugglers led to higher crime levels, cartelization has calmed things down.  Additionally, powerful cadres are involved in the trade now, meaning many local officials are powerless or disinterested in interfering with the trade.

As for the prices:

Mr. Kim explained specifically that “In 2006, one kilogram of Bingdu (氷毒), which means Philopon, so called ‘ice’ in North Korea, sold at 1.2-1.5 million won (approx. USD375-469) and one kilogram of opium sold at five million won (approx. USD1,563). As the regulation of narcotics was strengthened in 2007, one kilogram of Bingdu went up to eighteen million won (approx. USD5,625) and opium sold for ten million won (approx. USD3125) in September, 2007.”

He added that “Until 2006, the most expensive house in the downtown of a provincial capital sold for eight million won, but after drug prices rose, the price of those houses went up to fifteen million won (approx. USD4,688). Currently, here in North Hamkyung Province, one kilogram of ‘Bingdu’ sells for ten thousand dollars and opium sell for five thousand dollars. The prices of houses of the highest quality also rose from two thousand to three thousand won.

Read the full article here:
Drug Smugglers in Collusion with Cadres
Daily NK
8/13/2008

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DPRK markets: What’s selling and for how much?

Saturday, September 6th, 2008

According to the Daily NK:

The new issue of NK In and Out (NKeconWatch is unable to find this publication on line) includes information about North Korea’s recent jangmadang (markets) developments, stating that “memory cards for digital cameras and even USB flash drive sticks can be bought easily in the jangmadang of major cities these days.”

The journal explained that most of the memory cards are under 1GB and although there are various types of memory cards, they are sold for ten to fifty thousand North Korean Won on average (approx. 3,400 to 17,200 South Korean Won, 3 to 16 USD). Demand for memory cards has been increasing due to the popularity of digital cameras and computers.

Recently there have been individuals that operate photo businesses at photo studios or state-operated shops in the downtown areas of cities. It is known that most of these individuals use digital cameras imported from China rather than film cameras.

The journal clarified that digital pictures can also be easily printed because certain trade organizations, broadcasting companies, convenience stores, or provincial computer centers have set up technology shops providing services to print pictures or produce music CDs.

Notably, a third of middle school students in large border cities own MP3 players and two to three students per class have personal computers at home. It is presumed that many more people own MP3 players or computers in major cities such as Pyongyang.

Below is some recent price information.  Click on the image below to view full size.

prices1.JPG

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Private sector real estate activity booming in the DPRK

Saturday, September 6th, 2008

Institute for Far Eastern Studies (IFES)
NK Brief No. 08-9-4-1
9/4/2008

Professional ‘housing trade mediators’ (real estate agents) facilitating less-than official housing transactions have emerged in North Korea, with a wide range of real estate opportunities popping up, including not only sales but even rooms rented out by the month.

An article titled “Chosun’s Real Estate Black Market’ in the monthly magazine, ‘Imjin River (rimjingang)’, detailed the current status of today’s real estate situation, including a description of the black market and issues involved with housing transactions in North Korea. Articles for the magazine are written by reporters inside North Korea gathering first hand information on the state of the North Korean society.

In North Korea, exchanging cash to obtain real estate is a highly illegal activity, but with an extreme shortage of housing and a growing divide between the rich and the poor, the demand for housing sales has grown sharply, leading to the development of the real estate black market.

In the North, when the government allocates houses, it issues a ‘Government Residence Permission Certificate’, allowing the resident to move in. This permit is not, strictly speaking, a certificate of ownership, but rather permission for use of a property, but since there is no expiration date on the permit, once it is issued it is, for all practical purposes, a property deed showing ownership.

Lately, according to the article, almost no one has been receiving residence certificates, and these days, it has become common for North Koreans seeking housing take their money to the black market and either directly or indirectly purchase housing. In addition, as the black market grows, so too, does the linkage of it with the ruling class.

On one hand, as these housing sales in North Korea are illegal, disputes and trouble continue to arise, but on the other hand, because of their illegality, the North Korean government has no official apparatus in place through which to resolve the issues.

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North Korean republic turns 60

Saturday, September 6th, 2008

The DPRK was formally declared on September 9, 1948, making this year the auspicious 60th anniversary

For a bit of a laugh, you can read the congratulatory editorial in the Workers World.

According to Yonhap, they will be minting commemorative coins…which they will no doubt be selling to foreigners for hard currency:

The Presidium of the North’s Supreme People’s Assembly, the North’s parliament, adopted a decree Saturday on issuing gold and silver commemorative coins, the North’s Korean Central News Agency said.

“The Cabinet and concerned state agencies will work on measures to carry out the decree,” it added.

The coins will feature the country’s national flag and and Korean letters reading “60th birthday” held up by a laurel tree in the fore side with the North’s national emblem in the back, according to the report.

The face value of the gold and silver coins will be 60,000 North Korean won (US$428) and 1,500 won, respectively, the report said.

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DPRK symphony’s London concert postponed

Thursday, September 4th, 2008

UPDATE 2:  Soprano Suzannah Clarke, the first Briton to perform in the DPRK, has been working to bring North Korea’s state symphony to perform in London.  Unfortunately, she has had to postpone the Sept. 17 perforance until next year:

Although a bank has withdrawn its sponsorship for the tour because of the credit crunch, organiser Suzannah Clarke said the concerts could have gone ahead with another backer but concerns over the venue in London had forced a rethink.

“We could have still run the tour with the sponsorship that was promised to us but we felt it would have been a squeeze and that is not the way to do things properly,” Clarke, a British opera singer, told AFP.

“We were not 100 percent sure about the venue in London. It is a very large orchestra which needs a very big stage and we were trying to fit them into a very small space.” (AFP)

It will cost at least 400,000 pounds (US$720,000) to fund the trip (Yonhap).

UPDATE 1: Fingers crossed that NK orchestra will visit UK in September
by Michael Rank

Fingers are tightly crossed that North Korea’s State Symphony Orchestra will visit Britain as planned in September as planned even though a key sponsor has withdrawn its support due to the credit crisis.

Soprano Suzannah Clarke, who is something of a superstar in Pyongyang, has been greatly frustrated in her battle hard to bring the 160-member orchestra to London by the decision of the bank to drop out, and fears she could be pipped to the post by a visit by the orchestra to the U.S. instead.

She said that with just a few weeks to go plans are uncertain, but “We are still working to make it happen in September.” But if the visit does go ahead the orchestra will perform in Methodist Central Hall, close to the Houses of Parliament, rather than the bigger and more glamorous Royal Festival Hall or Royal Albert Hall as originally planned.

Not that Central Hall is lacking in political or historical significance–far from it. As Clarke noted, it hosted the 1946 inaugural meeting of the General Assembly of the United Nations, which would make it a highly appropriate venue for the first visit by a North Korean orchestra to the west.

She said one of London’s prestigious concert halls had told her the orchestra could not play any North Korean music, which she found surprising and shocking as the visit is aimed at promoting peace and understanding and is not political in nature.

Clarke said she was, to her consternation, in competition with American efforts to bring the orchestra to the U.S. in October, and although she had little definite information about this it appeared that the Bush administration was eager for the visit to go ahead before the end of the Bush presidency following the recent nuclear agreement. It would of course be a fitting return visit following the historic visit by the New York Philharmonic to Pyongyang in January.

She said raising money for the planned visit had been an enormous headache. “There isn’t a good feeling around for the DPRK for funding,” she added.

She was hoping that the orchestra would follow its visit to the U.K. with a visit to the U.S. and that it would all be part of a “world peace initative”,  but the State Department, Korea Society and New York Philharmonic were keeping their cards close to their chests and it was hard to tell what their plans were. “They are being very difficult, they want to go it alone,” she added.

Apart from visiting London, she hopes the orchestra will perform in her native Middlesbrough in northeast England, which has enormous significance in North Korea as that’s where the North Korean football team sensationally beat Italy in the quarter finals of the World Cup in 1966.

Clarke has performed every year since 2003 in North Korea, where she has sung everything from Mozart to Gershwin and from Verdi to Andrew Lloyd Webber. But she is unlikely to be going this year as she gave birth to her first child in January.

Mr. Rank wrote about Ms. Clark last October as well.

ORIGINAL POST:  The Times of London reports on Suzannah Clarke’s continuing efforts to bring North Korea’s state symphony to the West for the first time.  No word on whether “ordinary” people will be able to attend.  Excerpts below:

Children more used to singing When the Saints go Marching in are now being taught North Korean anthems in preparation for the state orchestra’s first visit outside the world’s most secretive nation.

The unprecedented tour is part of a mission by a former steel worker turned operasinger to bring the 160-piece orchestra beyond the last Cold War frontier to Britain for a one-off performance in Middlesbrough. As one of the few Westerners to be invited to North Korea, the celebrated soprano Suzannah Clarke has been given permission by Kim Jong Il to bring the ensemble on tour to Britain.

The first stop will be the unlikely location of the Teesside town, which has shared a strange bond with Pyongyang ever since the North Korean football team delivered one of sport’s most surprising results when they beat Italy during the 1966 World Cup at the local stadium.

and…

Clarke said: “I have deliberately chosen non-political songs, including the Arirang, which is enjoyed by both North and South Koreans as a celebration of their culture.” She added that military propaganda would not feature in the repertoire.

The tour, scheduled for this September or May next year, depending on the level of American involvement, will be the first time that the orchestra has been allowed to perform outside the reclusive Stalinist state.

Read the full article here:
Children sing for peace as North Korean musicians make historic visit
Times of London
Lucy Banneerman
7/5/2008

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DPRK statute smorgasbord

Wednesday, September 3rd, 2008

On this page, I will keep a list of DPRK statutes and summaries:

1. Foreign Investment Law
2. Free Economic and Trade Zone Law
3. Equity Joint Venture Law
4. Contractual Joint Venture Law
5. Foreign Enterprises Law
6. Taxation of Foreign Invested Enterprises
7. Relevant Labor Laws
8. Leasing Land 
9. Dispute Resolution
10. Domestic Sales Tax Regulations
11. Manufacturing & Export Operations
12. External Economic Arbitration Law
13. Commercial Joint Venture Law
14. Constitutions (x2)
15. Customs Law
16. Law on Economic Plans
17. Fisheries Law
18. Foreigners in FEZs
19. Intellectual Property

Click “read the rest of this entry” below to see summaries and statute text.

(more…)

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UN World Food Program launches DPRK emergency relief – solicits support

Tuesday, September 2nd, 2008

The UN World Food Program has announced a new emergency relief measure in the DPRK.  The WFP claims to need more than 1.5 million tons food for North Korea and $503 million to maintain adequate operations until November 2009—$60 million of it now.  Below are highlights from the UNWFP and various media outlets:

According to the WFP:

The immediate negative impact on food security was confirmed by a comprehensive “Rapid Food Security Assessment” conducted jointly by WFP and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) in June. More than three quarters of all households had reduced their food intake, over half were eating only two meals per day and more malnourished and ill children were being admitted to hospitals and institutions.

“All in all, operations are progressing well and we have been able to expand assistance to reach over 4 million hungry and vulnerable North Koreans.”

WFP is deploying 59 international staff members to support the new programme. More than 20 of them will be working in six newly-established field offices to monitor and track food distributions – and for the first time ever, the international staff will include Korean-speakers, in accordance with the new agreement between WFP and the DPRK government.

WFP monitors have already visited county warehouses and beneficiary institutions in 125 of the 131 targeted counties and have accounted for all WFP food assistance distributed so far.

As an aside, “two meals a day” is a scientifically meaningless measure.  At the bare minimum, it would be far more helpful to detail the number of calories the mean/median North Korean consumes per day along with the total necessary calories needed to maintain health.

The Christian Science Monitor printed a few more details: 

Citizens eligible for food rations have seen their allocation cut from 500 grams a day to 150 grams, Banbury reported. Few North Koreans eat meat except on major national holidays when the government distributes it, he added.

What are the roles of South Korea, USA and China in all this?

South Korea
South Korea, which provided more than half the North’s food aid last year, has suspended shipments of food and fertiliser this year in a tougher policy towards Pyongyang from new President Lee Myung-bak.(Financial Times)

On Tuesday, [South Korean] Unification Ministry spokesman Kim Ho-nyeon said Seoul is still considering the appeal and will make a decision based on its assessment of the North’s food situation while monitoring “various situations.” He did not elaborate.(AP via the Herald Tribue)

US
The US promised in May to donate 400,000 tonnes of food aid to North Korea through the WFP and a further 100,000 tonnes through private US organisations. That would nearly double the amount donated last year by China, which has in past said its relationship with Pyongyang was as close as “lips and teeth”. (Financial Times)

China
China is North Korea’s leading source of food and fuel aid. But difficulties in obtaining food export licenses from China have hampered the WFP’s efforts to procure food to be sent to North Korea as well as to Myanmar, the agency said, adding it was in talks with Chinese officials. It has asked the Chinese government to allow the agency to buy 50,000 tons of cereals and export it to their operations in either country. (AP via the Herald Tribune)

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DPRK defections to South likely to reach all time high this year

Tuesday, September 2nd, 2008

According to the Choson Ilbo:

The number of North Korean refugees to the South is expected to exceed 3,000 for the first time in history this year. The Unification Ministry on Monday said 1,748 North Korean defectors made their way south in the first half of this year, up 42.1 percent from 1,230 a year ago. At this rate, the figure is expected to exceed 3,000 by the end of this year.

A mere 71 North Korean defectors came to the South in 1998, but numbers had broken the 1,000 mark by 2002 and exceeded 2,000 in 2006. The total as of the end of June stood at 13,996.

According to Yonhap, there were 2,544 DPRK defectors admitted to the South in 2007.

The news that defections are up is interesting in its own light, however, the demographic composition of these defectors could tell us much more about what is happening inside the DPRK.  If these numbers come from poor or remote provinces, they are likely a predictable result of increasing economic hardship, and their departure is inconsequential to regime stability.  If these populations represent a “brain drain” of educated or politically connected cadres, then this could be a signal of expected political turmoil.  Of course after last week’s discovery that DPRK intelligence agents have infiltrated the South’s DPRK defector community, information of this type will become scarcer than ever, at least for the general public. 

According to the CIA World Fact Book, North Korea’s population stands at 23,479,089 (as of July 2008).  I think this is an overstatement, however, this means that at a minimum, .012% of the population emigrated this year alone.

Read the full article here:
More Than 3,000 N.Koreans to Defect South This Year
Choson Ilbo
9/2/2008

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