North Korean Economy Watch

Below (NASA): August 13, 2011 – Tropical Storm Muifa (11W) over China and Korea

Click image above for larger version

According to NASA:

This image was captured at 15:10 UTC (12:10 a.m. in Seoul), and shows the center of circulation touching the North Korean coast. On July 30, Muifa, which had begun as a low pressure center on July 23, had strengthened to a Category 5 Super Typhoon, with maximum sustained winds of 160 miles per hour (260 kilometer/h). On August 7, the maximum sustained winds had dropped to 60 mph (100 km/h) as the storm rapidly weakened before striking land. After Muifa made landfall the next day, the winds dropped to 46 mph (75 km/h) with higher gusts. Despite the weakening trend and lower wind speeds, the storm caused significant damage in North Korea, killing at least 10 people, damaging over 2,000 acres of farmland, and harming more than 100 homes, according to the state-run news agency KCNA. In China, news agencies reported the storm caused about 3 billion yuan ($466 million) in damage, and affected 1.74 million local residents in Shanghai and neighboring provinces.

UPDATE 1 (2011-8-17): The recently sanctioned bank denies it has ties to Iran and the DPRK. According to Lebanon’s Daily Star:

The Lebanese subsidiary of a Syrian bank sanctioned by the United States denied on Wednesday “unfounded political allegations” that it dealt with North Korea and Iran.

“Since the establishment of our institution, we have never had any operation with either a North Korean or an Iranian entity even before the existing sanctions,” the Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank said.

“As a result, we deny all accusation of being involved in any illegal activity with any suspected country,” a statement added.

The United States Treasury has charged that the state-owned Commercial Bank of Syria allegedly supported Syria and North Korea’s efforts to spread weapons of mass destruction.

Washington last week imposed sanctions on the bank, the Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank and telecoms company Syriatel over President Bashar al-Assad’s increasingly brutal crackdown on pro-democracy protests.

The move freezes the US assets of the businesses targeted and prohibits US entities from engaging in any business dealings with the two banks.

ORIGINAL POST (2011-8-14): The US has sanctioned a Syrian Bank for its involvement in DPRK proliferation activities.  According to Yonhap:

The Treasury Department said the Commercial Bank of Syria has provided financial services to North Korea’s Tanchon Commercial Bank and Syria’s Scientific Studies and Research Center, both of which were blacklisted for the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

The Syrian bank’s Lebanon-based subsidiary, Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank, and Syriatel, the largest mobile phone operator in Syria, were also sanctioned under Wednesday’s measure.

“By exposing Syria’s largest commercial bank as an agent for designated Syrian and North Korean proliferators, and by targeting Syria’s largest mobile phone operator for being controlled by one of the regime’s most corrupt insiders, we are taking aim at the financial infrastructure that is helping provide support to (President Bashar) Asad and his regime’s illicit activities,” Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence David S. Cohen said in a press release.

The Commercial Bank of Syria also holds an account for Tanchon Commercial Bank, the primary financial agent for the Korea Mining Development Corp., North Korea’s premier arms dealer and main exporter of goods and equipment related to ballistic missiles and conventional weapons, according to the department.

The U.S. is stepping up efforts to isolate the Assad regime amid its brutal crackdown on anti-government protesters.

NTI has additional information here.

Other DPRK-Syria stories below:
1. Syria and the DPRK collaborated on the construction of Syria’s nuclear facility which was destroyed in 2007 by an Israeli air strike.

2. According to Joshua Pollock, over the last decade the DPRK and Syria have cooperated on missile development.

3. The UNSC was investigating a shipment of North Korean chemical safety suits to Syria.

4. Syria’s Tishreen War Museum was designed and built by North Koreans!

By Michael Rank

During his visit to London earlier this year, President Obama declared, “We believe not simply in the right of nations, but the rights of citizens.” In North Korea, it is the opposite, with citizens having next to no rights that they are able to defend, and the state supreme in its defence of its own rights. Indeed, in North Korea human rights are so limited that it may come as something of a surprise that the government recognises the concept at all, but it does and is prepared to defend its view of them and the way citizens are supposedly protected from exploitation and degradation. Yet knowledge about the North Korean legal system is so hazy that a number of ambassadors in Pyongyang spent much time and effort in the 1970s puzzling out whether the country had any law courts at all, and never came to a definitive conclusion (North Korea Under Communism, by Erik Cornell, 2002).

Almost 40 years later, it is probably true to say no westerner has ever witnessed a trial in North Korea, and North Korean legal theory likewise remains terra incognita, so this book performs a valuable service in putting ideas of human rights in the DPRK in their historical and social context. This includes assessing the influence of Chinese Confucianism and traditional Korean social thinking as well as putting them in a Marxist and post-colonial perspective. “No [previous] attempt has been made to understand and interpret the official discourse of human rights in the DPRK, and I fill in this gap,” the author states in her introduction. The book is based on the author’s doctoral thesis from Cambridge University and relies heavily on Korean-language material, much of it available in digital form, thanks to the engagement policy between the two Koreas after the 2000 Pyongyang summit. That policy has of course since collapsed.

The author suggests that North Korean human rights discourse is based on “Korea’s deeply embedded traditional Confucian values in harmony and unity, the post-colonial right to self-determination, the Marxist antagonism against egoistic individualism, and various collective components of Juche Ideology by Kim Il Sung and ‘our style’ human rights by Kim Jong Il have all constituted collective ideas of human rights in the DPRK.” But Song stresses how human rights discourse in North Korea is by no means static, and criticises some conservative pressure groups, and the current government in Seoul, for “often dismiss[ing] the meaningful signs and important changes that have taken place inside North Korea”. She adds that “It is my belief that the growing number of market-oriented economic activities, and the creation of civil society, although relatively limited in comparison to external standards, can help form a civil society, resistant to the autocratic regime in North Korea.” At the same time, she questions whether western pressure groups are “ready to adopt a culturally sensitive approach approach in order to understand the influences of history, politics, and indigenous cultural traditions on the formation of human rights ideas in North Korea.”

In her discussion of the influence of Confucianism, she suggests that this traditionally incorporated a system of checks and balances but she finds that this no longer obtains in North Korea, and notes that despite the rise of the concept of “virtuous politics” under Kim Jong Il, the country was unable to provide that most basic of human needs, food, in the 1990s when famine stalked the land.

In any case, despite North Korea’s deep debt to Confucianism, it affects to despise this ancient philosophy. According to an official encyclopaedia, “Like other religions, Confucianism was also a heresy, somewhat like opium. Confucianism was used as an ideological tool of the feudal ruling class since it arrived in Korea and had a poisonous impact on the People’s ideology, psychology and ethics as well on economic culture and technological development.”

One of the main factors in North Korean thinking on human rights in the early years of the DPRK was the bitter memory of the Japanese colonial past and the need for nation-building, as well as identifying and suppressing the enemy within. “Distinguishing ‘People’ who are eligible for proper human rights from enemies who are not has been a constant ideational construction process in the DPRK since 1945, depending on changing domestic and international environments,” Song notes. The death of Stalin encouraged critics of Kim Il Sung to stress “the protection of human rights”, which resulted in a backlash, with Kim arguing that his critics were acting “to protect the interests of landlords and capitalists” while the 1956 Hungarian uprising had spread “bourgeois” ideas of human rights into North Korea.

This was the period when Kim was developing his Juche theory, which the author notes replaced Marxism-Leninism as the country’s guiding ideology in the 1992 constitution. For Song, the theory of rights in Juche is closer to Korean Confucianism and to the 19th century Sirhak and Tonghak movements than it is to Marxism, and she also notes how the positive right to subsistence embodied in Juche has been employed negatively to criticise capitalist countries and the poor material conditions of marginalised people in the U.S. and Japan.

Juche has in recent years been complemented by Kim Jong Il’s “‘our style’ of human rights” (urisik in’gweon), which the author, perhaps surprisingly, says “has shown some pragmatic approaches towards international society and left the door open for new departures in this area”. The main characteristics of “our style” human rights “are citizens’ duties and loyalty to the party and the leader in return for the protection of basic subsistence rights and security, and the conception that rights are granted, not entitled inherently when a person is born.” “Not surprisingly,” Song adds, “all [principles] represent the antithesis of individual and liberal concepts of human rights.”

Some North Korean theorists have some understanding at least of the evolution of human rights in the west, including Magna Carta and the French declaration of human rights, both of which serve the material interests of the “property-driven manipulative bourgeoisie”, and there is even some awareness of contemporary thinkers like Ronald Dworkin and Robert Nozick, who are said to represent the imperialists by emphasising a right to property and abstract norms such as freedom and equity. But “In practice,” Song says, “the ideological education of the DPRK focuses on the growing gap between the rich and the poor and human rights violations in Western countries.”

Song occasionally digresses gently away from human rights, and she has some interesting insights into the religious dimensions to the Juche philosophy and into the personality cult, noting that “Unlike the Stalinist cult, the personality cult of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il clearly belongs to the realm of supernatural shamanistic phenomena.”

This book is absurdly expensive, and it is also dully designed. It includes some unremarkable black and white photographs and reproductions of North Korean propaganda posters that don’t have any great relevance, although I did like the one of a pilot playing an electric guitar, with the slogan, “I’ll show the People’s rock ‘n’ roll to imperialist bastards.”

If I were a prisoner in a North Korean prison camp reading this book (highly unlikely, admittedly) I would probably feel frustrated by its focus on theory rather than on the country’s gruesome practice, but that isn’t really the point. There have been a good number of reports on North Korean human rights practice in recent years, but this is the first study of the thinking behind the practice, and it is so thoughtful and well informed that I can recommend it to anyone with a serious interest in North Korea.

________________

Human Rights Discourse in North Korea: Post-colonial, Marxist and Confucian Perspectives, Song, Ji-young, Routlege, 9 December, 2010.
ISBN: 978 0 415 59394 6
Order at Amazon here.

Koryo Link to become iPad friendly? In a recent KEI email update, Abraham Kim writes the following:

Finally, discussions with Koryo Link representatives revealed that 3G internet service via Apple iPad will be available this fall in Pyongyang via a special SIM card developed by Koryo Link. When asked whether the North Korean regime would be concerned about foreigners traveling around North Korea with internet service on their iPads, the representatives suggested that the government actually encouraged these latest technology developments.

___________

London to have its own Ryugyong? Koryo Tours makes the connection:

Koryo Tours has done a great job pushing the frontiers of the possible when it comes to the DPRK (they do a lot more than tourism).  Check out their web page.

Strangely, South Korea seems to have recently blocked the Koryo Tours web page.  This seems silly to me.  Censorship by a modern, liberal democracy is so 1960s.  Government censorship demonstrates weakness, not strength.

___________

Lankov on Rodong Sinmun: Andrei Lankov has written what is truly a funny and informative article about Rodong Sinmun (로동신문).  As someone who reads and watches too much DPRK propaganda, I was laughing the whole way through. Read the article here.

___________

Atlantic “Inside North Korea” photo series: About 20 people sent me the recent North Korea photo series in the Atlantic (thank you to all), so even though everyone has probably already seen it, here it is.

___________

More DPRK sand art! See it here.

___________

KFA posts two North Korean books for download: The Korean Friendship Association (KFA), a pro-DPRK organization based in Spain, has posted two North Korean books to their web page.  Both were helpful for my DPRK mapping project, so I thought I would share:

Book 1: Panorama of Korea (PDF)

Book 2: Panmunjom (PDF)

___________

DPRK publishes in ‘Comic Sans’ font…unaware of US imperialist connotations.  Here is a sample from a flyer purchased that the Fatherland Liberation War Museum:

Learn about how annoying Comic Sans is here.  Hat tip to a reader with a good eye.

On Monday, July 25, the International Institute for Strategic Studies will be releasing a dossier, North Korean Security Challenges: a net assessment. It presents a thorough analysis of the range of threats emanating from the DPRK. In addition to an assessment of military hardware and posture, the 216-page book looks at state criminality and behaviour relating to human security.  Written by a team of renown experts, the Strategic Dossier also assesses unification and other future scenarios.   It can be ordered through the IISS website.

A press release (PDF) can be found here.

A longer launch statement (PDF) can be found here.

Anju’s outdoor market

Voice of America published a series of photos from inside the DPRK. Many of the pictures are from Anju. Looking through them, I saw this outdoor market of which I was unaware.  It did not, however, take too long to find it on Google Earth. The coordinates of the outdoor market are 39.623199°, 125.680848°. Anju and nearby Sinanju both also have one covered market each.  Lots of shoes for sale.

UN Conference on Disarmament
The winner of the “rolling eyes” award this week goes to the announcement that the DPRK has been named to the presidency of the United Nations Conference on Disarmament.  According to the official press release:

In his initial address to the Conference as president, So Se Pyong of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea said that he was very much committed to the Conference and during his presidency he welcomed any sort of constructive proposals that strengthened the work and credibility of the body. He was ready to work closely with all members to provide the grounds for strengthening their work. As president, he would be guided by the Rules of Procedure and take into account the position of each delegation to find common ground on substantive issues and procedural matters as well. With their support and cooperation, he would do everything in his capacity to move the Conference on Disarmament forward.

I am sure you can think of some recommendations for him!

Canada has since boycotted the committee (2011-7-11).

How to Generate Good Press: Write it
This week the Wall Street Journal’s Korea Real Time had a great post about the North Korean proclivity to purchase advert space in foreign publications and then report “favorable coverage” to the people back home.  ”See how much foreigners envy us and out leader[s]“?!

Paying for space in Blitz actually represents something of an economy drive for the Pyongyang publicity machine. Back in 1997, as famine gripped the land, the regime shelled out for some pricier real estate: a full page in the New York Times. That allowed the KCNA to boast that the U.S. newspaper of record had “dedicated one whole page to a special writeup under the title ‘Kim Jong Il Emerges As Lodestar For Sailing the 21st Century’”—with, as the KCNA noted, a large color picture.

Here are five stories from KCNA citing praise in the New York Times: KCNA 1, KCNA 2, KCNA 3, KCNA 4, KCNA 5.  As far as I can tell, the DPRK has never advertised in the Wall Street Journal.  Wouldn’t that be something.

DPRK: There’s an app for that
Martyn Williams writes about Eric Lafforgue’s new iPhone app featuring his pics of the DPRK.  His photo set is here.  Now all we need is a Kernbeisser iPhone app.

The Survival of North Korea: Essays on Strategy, Economics and International Relations
Suk Hi Kim, Bernhard Seliger, Terence Roehrig
Order at Amazon.com

About the Book
Since the end of the Cold War, scholars and analysts have been predicting the collapse of the communist regime in North Korea. Yet, despite a deteriorating economy characterized by declining industrial output, outdated technology, and difficulty feeding its people, the country has been able to persist in spite of these daunting obstacles and continues to plod along. How has North Korea been able to survive, and how long can it last without significant change to its economic and political structures? How can we peacefully resolve the North Korean nuclear standoff through constructive dialogue? This book examines North Korea’s survival strategy and practical solutions to a fifty-year nuclear standoff through a series of essays written by thirteen of the world’s foremost scholars and leading experts on strategy, economics, and international relations. The Survival of North Korea, edited by Kim, Roehrig, and Seliger, is essential reading for anyone interested in peace in Northeast Asia. The book will be invaluable in helping policy-makers, diplomats, politicians, researchers, and other North Korea watchers to understand the three closely related issues about North Korea: (1) why North Korea will continue to survive; (2) how the United States and North Korea can build a mutual confidence; and (3) why a dialogue is the only viable way to resolve the North Korea problem peacefully.

______

U.S.-DPRK Educational Exchanges: Status and Future Prospects
38 North
Karin J. Lee and Gi-Wook Shin
June 2011

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My First Monitoring Trip
38 North
Erich Weingartner
June 2011

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And I am a bit behind the ball on this one, but I have added the second Panel of Expterts Report (2011) on the DPRK to my DPRK Economic Statistics Page.

1. The Leader’s so bright (I gotta wear shades). Only Kim Jong-il could give a talk to a packed auditorium while wearing sunglasses indoors…

2. As an frequent scuba diver, I was surprised to see this on North Korean TV this week:

I have not seen a dive suit like this outside of a museum.  Antique dive helmets in this style sell for well over US$1,000 and most are from Russia.  It seems like the DPRK could export its aging scuba gear, use the proceeds to buy newer/safer dive equipment, and have some cash left over.  The picture was taken at the Tanchon Port, which is being renovated.

3. Poor Pororo:

Back in early May, Pororo came out of the closet as a joint-Korean creation. With the implementation of new DPRK-US trade regulations (EO 13570), many were worried that the US was rolling up the welcome mat for Pororo videos—but he will be fine. OFAC explains why. Steve Park’s importation of Pyongyang Soju will also be fine.

4. North Korean Wave:

This week the DPRK launched a new television drama about its ladies national football team.  The show’s premier was announced on the KCTV evening news on June 18th and so far it has aired every day this week beginning on the 19th.  I have all of the episodes (so far) on my computer, and they are very fun to watch–even without subtitles.

The show appears to be shot on location at the ladies team’s training complex in Pyongyang (38.994877°, 125.811791°–right next to the Taedonggang Brewery):

And just as interesting, this show is the first example (of which I am aware) in which KCTV seems to directly engage in product placement advertising for a foreign-made product.  Here is a series of screen shots from the first four episodes:

The coach never takes off his FILA jacket. How long before all of the DPRK’s aspiring footballers want a jacket just like that one?

Interestingly, according to the FILA Wikipedia page: “Founded in 1911 in Italy, Fila has been owned and operated from South Korea since a takeover in 2007.”

I have uploaded a short sassy clip of the show to YouTube.  Watch it here.  Here is a story in Yonhap about the show (Korean).

Below are links to some recent publications on particular aspects of the DPRK:

Engaging North Korea: The Role of Economic Statecraft
East-West Center
Stephan Haggard, Marcus Noland
Policy Studies, No. 59

KPA Journal, Vol. 2, No. 4 – April 2011
Joseph Bermudez
Topics: MiG-29 in KPAF Service, Organizaiton changes following SPA (Madden), Addendums

Exodus to North Korea Revisited: Japan, North Korea, and the ICRC in the “Repatriation” of Ethnic Koreans from Japan
Japan Focus
Tessa Morris-Suzuki

I have now been notified by four individuals about recent hacking attempts.  I have posted the emails these individuals received below.  There are four different messages.  I am happy to post these types of attacks, but if you receive one, please consult with an IT professional about obtaining the “email header”. This is what is most valuable to IT security professionals.  Please send me the “email header” to post (see below for an example).

Below are the four malicious emails of which I am aware:

Email 4: Targeted at one known individual

From: Suzan Park
Date: Fri, May 27, 2011 at 7:02 AM
Subject: interview questions
To:

Hi, this is Park of NCN News.
We are producing a documentary on “International Status of Northeast Asian Countries in Perspective of Soft Power”.
I was informed you are professional in this field.
It would be grateful if you could answer the interview questions about this documentary.

Documentary & Questions Link is here : Focusing on Current Situations of North Korea

Best regards!
Park

The phrase “Focusing on Current Situations of North Korea”  links to “ncnbroadcasting.reportinside.net/producer/2011FocusingOnDPRK.hta”.

The header for this email can be found below

Email 3: Targeted at one known individual

From: Pam Benson <pbenson261@yahoo.com>

Date: Tue, May 17, 2011 at 8:08 AM

Subject: FW: Kim Il Sung:the Great Hero of Mankind(ask your comments)

To: [DELETED]

I am forwarding the feature column : “Kim Il Sung: the Great Hero of Mankind”.

This writing concerns his great achievements.

The column is very realistic and beautiful.

I guess everyone who reads this column is impressed with his history.

I wonder what you think about this writing.

Thanks.

Sincerely Yours.

Attached to this email is a MS Word document titled, “Great Leader Kim Il Sung.doc”.  Do not open this attachment.

Email 2: Targeted at two known individuals

From: David L <l_david19@yahoo.com>

To:

Date: Thu, 12 May 2011 00:58:07 -0700 (PDT)

Subject: final draft

It’s been a long time since I last corresponded with you.

How have you been? I hope everything is well with you, your family.

Finally, The final draft was complete yesterday.

It will be announced next Month after collecting more opinions from experts in the field.

The Current Situation and Future Prospects in Northeast Asia : JAPAN, NORTH KOREA, SOUTH KOREA, CHINA

I look forward to sharing my insights with you once I receive your assessment.

I hope to hear from you soon .

Sincerely Yours,

David in Japan

The title underlined above was actually a link to the following: http://reportinside.net/draft/fainaldraft_201105.htaXX ( I added the XX at the end to prevent anyone from accidentally linking to the server).

Email 1: Targeted at one known individual

From:

Date: 2011/4/13

Subject: contact list

To:

Prof.

attach contact list

교수님

학회 명단 첨부합니다.

The email contained an attached MS Word document which contained the virus.

Keep your eyes open folks.  This has happened before.

Here is the header information from Email #4:

Delivered-To: XXXXX
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Date: Thu, 26 May 2011 23:02:12 -0700 (PDT)
From: Suzan Park <suzan.park7@yahoo.com>
Reply-To: Suzan Park <suzan.park7@yahoo.com>
Subject: interview questions
To: XXX
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=”0-1266752663-1306476132=:55224″

–0-1266752663-1306476132=:55224
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

Hi, this is Park of NCN News.
We are producing a documentary on “International Status of Northeast Asian Countries in Perspective of Soft Power”.
I was informed you are professional in this field.
It would be grateful if you could answer the interview questions about this documentary.

Documentary & Questions Link is here :Focusing on Current Situations of North Korea

Best regards!
Park
–0-1266752663-1306476132=:55224
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii

<html><body><div style=”color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt”><div>Hi, this is Park of NCN News.<BR>We are producing a documentary on “International Status of Northeast Asian Countries in Perspective of Soft Power”. <BR>I was informed you are professional in this field. <BR>It would be grateful if you could answer the interview questions about this documentary. <BR><BR>Documentary &amp; Questions Link is here :<A href=htXtp://ncnbroadcasting.reportinside.net/producer/2011FocusingOnDPRK.hta> Focusing on Current Situations of North Korea</A> <BR><BR>Best regards! <BR>Park <IMG src=”hXttp://ncnbroadcasting.reportinside.net/producer/pga/page.php?no=010″ width=1 height=1> </div></div></body></html>
–0-1266752663-1306476132=:55224–

And here is some header information from Email #3:

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Date: Tue, 17 May 2011 00:08:43 -0700 (PDT)

From: Pam Benson

Reply-To: Pam Benson

Subject: FW:Kim Il Sung:the Great Hero of Mankind(ask your comments)

To: “[DELETED]

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I am forwarding the feature column : “Kim Il Sung: the Great Hero of Mankind”.

This writing concerns his great achievements.

The column is very realistic and beautiful.

I guess everyone who reads this column is impressed with his history.

I wonder what you think about this writing.

Thanks.

Sincerely Yours.

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